Star Stuff: An Exploratory Case Study of the Cosmos Television FranchiseMain MenuThe Cold War Space RaceSagan’s Work on the Pioneer, Viking, and Voyager Space ProbesCosmos: A Personal Voyage & Sagan’s Antinuclear War ActivismAn End to the Cold War & the Privatization of CosmosAnn Druyan's Work After Sagan's DeathA New Cosmos series with Neil deGrasse and Seth MacFarlaneWho Owns (the) Cosmos? An Epilogue, Prologue, and IntermissionStar Stuff Companion PaperPatrick Timothy Dawsona0b08a5aaf9148250b99cba97af95de3340033d4Project Author: Patrick Dawson (ORCid 0000-0002-4268-4127)
12022-04-27T15:08:33-04:00Patrick Timothy Dawsona0b08a5aaf9148250b99cba97af95de3340033d4Mariner 22Mariner 2 was the world's first successful interplanetary spacecraft. Launched August 27, 1962, on an Atlas-Agena rocket, Mariner 2 passed within about 34,000 kilometers (21,000 miles) of Venus, sending back valuable new information about interplanetary space and the Venusian atmosphere. Mariner 2 recorded the temperature at Venus for the first time, revealing the planet's very hot atmosphere of about 500 degrees Celsius (900 degrees Fahrenheit). The spacecraft's solar wind experiment measured for the first time the density, velocity, composition and variation over time of the solar wind.plain2022-07-22T14:22:15-04:00What -- Mariner 2What -- AtlasWhat -- AgenaWhat -- VenusPLAN-PIA04594imageInternet ArchivePatrick Timothy Dawsona0b08a5aaf9148250b99cba97af95de3340033d4
12022-04-27T15:08:33-04:00Patrick Timothy Dawsona0b08a5aaf9148250b99cba97af95de3340033d4Kennedy Receives Mariner 2 Model2Dr. William H. Pickering, (center) JPL Director, presenting Mariner spacecraft model to President John F. Kennedy, (right). NASA Administrator James Webb is standing directly behind the Mariner model. The Mariner 2 probe flew by Venus in 1962 after the failure of Mariner 1, sending back data on its atmosphere, mass, and weather patterns. It stopped transmitting in 1963 after delivering a wealth of scientific information.plain2022-07-22T14:22:40-04:00VIPs-People at NASA-NACASpace ProbesPresidentsNASA-ManagementNASA-AdministratorsNASA-Center-DirectorsPlanet-MarsWhat -- Mariner 1What -- VenusWhat -- Mariner 2Where -- Jet Propulsion Laboratory (JPL)GPN-2000-000475imageInternet ArchivePatrick Timothy Dawsona0b08a5aaf9148250b99cba97af95de3340033d4